The use of syringes for vaccination is set to decline, affecting also the volume of sharps waste as work continues on alternate delivery systems for common vaccines.

Some oral products have been available for decades and this range is unlikely every to increase. However, transdermal patches, air injections using fine high pressure jets capable of penetrating the upper layers of skin, transdermal patches and nasal insufflations are each proving successful. Many trials are underway including trails on animals where, I suppose, the studies are far easier to arrange.

Expect many more needle-free vaccines in the near future. These should be welcomed as speedier to deliver and hopefully less traumatic, eliminating cross-infection and sharps injury or needlestick risks, reducing freight costs (especially important for vaccination campaigns in developing countries) and reducing waste disposal concerns.